Skua

It’s actually in England, although funnily enough the part of England it’s in is called Cumbria, which has the same origin as the Welsh for Wales “Cymru”. So it’s sort of in Wales, just not the Wales that we call Wales in English.

Anyway it’s Old English torr, Middle Welsh penn, and Danish hoh. And like many British place names the pronunciation is not what you would expect at all at first glance. It’s “tra-pen-uh”

I’m afraid I am completely unqualified to answer this beyond that Irene’s reign was a very messy one, ending with a rebellion against her. Her own son (the legal heir to the throne for who she was originally just regent) also rebelled against her earlier, and she had his eyes put out. It seems to me like Irene specifically was just absolutely ruthless enough to get past whatever societal rules may have been levelled against her

That said, there absolutely were empresses-regnant of the Byzantine empire, and there’s no reason to consider that a separate entity. Irene Sarantapechaena and about four or five others absolutely were ruling Roman empresses

Empress-consort rather than empress-regnant, I’m afraid. She was Julia Domna, wife of emperor Septimus Severus and accompanying him on his attempt to bring the north of Britain under his control

To be fair that makes a lot more sense than it happening the other way around

The oldest recorded words from any woman living in (what is today) Scotland are someone telling the empress of Rome, to her face, that they fuck better than her

Oh, good call, I didn’t think of that! Assuming I did my sums right, the Roche limit probably destroys the fourth innermost moon, but it still leaves the big four (which are the fifth through to ninth in ascending order of size of orbit). They’re quite substantially farther out than the prior four

There are also like eighty smaller moons even farther out, but they don’t meet the roundness criterion to be a planet because they are too small

The sun and Jupiter are pretty close in terms of density, and Jupiter would need to get at least an order of magnitude heavier to start fusion. I think it’s just a coincidence that the outward pressure of the sun’s fusion makes these numbers roughly line up.

Thirteen Jupiters seems to be a commonly-given lower limit for fusion, so let’s go with that. To increase mass by thirteen times while maintaining density (and assuming the whole thing is a perfect sphere, which it obviously isn’t), Jupiter needs to increase its radius by a factor of about 2.35. This increases its equatorial radius to about 168,000 km, which does swallow up the three innermost moons, but leaves the four big ones alone

The IAU’s list of requirements to be a planet is:

• Orbit a star
• Be big enough that it becomes round
• Clear the neighbourhood (meaning you’re way bigger than anything else in your orbit)

The last one is the one that disqualifies Pluto. For comparison, Pluto is roughly 8% of the mass of the other stuff in its orbit (not including Neptune, given that their orbits cross), whereas Neptune is thousands of times more than the rest of its orbit. The closest non-planet to meeting this criterion is Ceres, which is roughly one third of the rest of its orbit (in the asteroid belt).

Based on this list, I think Jupiter’s four biggest moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) would make the cut.

honestly I don’t like anything or i give up on everything. I don’t wanna try new things anymore.

That sounds an awful lot like depression. That’s nothing to do with being in a relationship or not; it’s not healthy to not be able to enjoy anything or take interest in anything. Forget about the relationship stuff. You can be and deserve to be happy without one. You need to address the other stuff first.

I came extremely close to owning a Toyota MR2 mk2, a car I’ve liked since childhood, only to discover that I am too tall to sit up straight in one. There is just straight up not enough headroom.

My description is what brown sauce is

It’s basically ketchup, except it has dates and tamarind in addition to tomato

While I agree that instruments should generally aim for sound and ergonomics over appearance, those things don’t always have to clash with each other. To take Selmer clarinets as an example, since you said you liked them, it’s normal for the keys and posts to have a highly-polished silver appearance, but you can get the signature model with matte black keys and posts if you want. That’s a totally visual choice that won’t change anything else, but it makes for a really distinctive-looking clarinet. Same goes for all the decorative inlays in the wood.

Besides that, though, I don’t necessarily mean the visual appearance of the instrument. Check out the synth that the other reply to me linked. It barely has any concessions to aesthetics at all, but someone has clearly experimented with ways to get a highly-personalisable playing experience. My dad and I are both guitarists, but we set our instruments up for totally different sounds because people experimented with stuff and we got to follow in their footsteps to pick what we subjectively liked best - the clear treble sound of thin roundwound strings for him, the rich warmth of thick flatwounds for me. Those are also things that came about because someone, at some point, had the curiosity and ability to just try it out and see what it sounded like, and I love that we get to enjoy the fruits of so many of these experiments now.

I think musical instruments could definitely be one of them. Yes there are many that are mass-produced and pretty utilitarian, but honestly that’s fine, that’s a way for people to access the artform that they wouldn’t have been able to otherwise. That’s a great thing. And the stuff that’s not mass-produced? Damn there is some real love and skill put into a lot of it

I’m more or less defaulting to kbin.earth now. It’s a shame to see the original fall apart, but the idea and foundation are being carried on. I hope Ernest is doing alright

The fastest end of the 95% confidence interval has quadrupedal humans doing 108 kmh / 67 mph in 2100, which would have us vying for the title of fastest animal on land. Seems about fucking right team good work

That’s a shame, what a perfect name for every social media site

Large winged creatures are highly visible, and the alliance of protagonists has not established air dominance

I find a good way to find the common name for something in another language is to go to its wikipedia page and see what the equivalent page in the other language is called. So in Arabic it’s “ملكة النحل”. The ملكة part does indeed mean queen